Narcissism is a personality disorder that gets a bad rap due to some of its characteristic traits, such as an inflated sense of self-importance and poor regard for others. But researchers now suggest that some of these traits might help safeguard a person’s mental health.
Narcissism is a personality disorder characterized by traits such as an inflated sense of self-importance and a need to receive constant admiration and emotional reinforcement from others.
Studies suggest that up to
“Narcissism is part of the ‘dark tetrad’ of personality that also includes Machiavellianism, psychopathy, and sadism,” explains Kostas Papageorgiou, who is a lecturer in the School of Psychology at Queen’s University Belfast in the United Kingdom.
But, he adds, “[t]here are two main dimensions to narcissism — grandiose and vulnerable. Vulnerable narcissists are likely to be more defensive and view the behavior of others as hostile, whereas grandiose narcissists usually have an overinflated sense of importance and a preoccupation with status and power.”
Papageorgiou wanted to explore whether this personality disorder also features some positive traits that could help maintain a person’s psychological well-being.
Papageorgiou and colleagues have recently published two study papers suggesting that people with grandiose narcissism appear to have greater resilience to stress and are less likely to experience depression.
“Individuals high on the spectrum of dark traits, such as narcissism, engage in risky behavior, hold an unrealistic superior view of themselves, are overconfident, show little empathy for others, and have little shame or guilt,” notes the researcher.
“However,” he continues, “what this research has questioned is — if narcissism, as an example of the dark tetrad, is indeed so socially toxic, why does it persist, and why is it on the rise in modern societies?”
‘Beneficial or harmful depending on context’
Both of the study papers analyze the data of three different studies working with 364, 244 and, 144 participants, respectively.
In the first paper — featured in European Psychiatry — the researchers aimed to assess whether individuals with narcissistic traits, such as grandiosity and dominance, also displayed higher “mental toughness.”
Indeed, Papageorgiou and his team found that people who display traits of grandiose narcissism do have higher “mental toughness” and are less likely to experience symptoms of depression. This was not true of people who displayed traits of vulnerable narcissism.
In the second study paper, which appears in the journal Personality and Individual Differences, the researchers observed that people with traits of grandiose narcissism also report having lower levels of perceived stress.
“The results from all the studies that we conducted show that grandiose narcissism correlates with very positive components of mental toughness, such as confidence and goal orientation, protecting against symptoms of depression and perceived stress,” says Papageorgiou.
“This research really helps to explain variation in symptoms of depression in society — if a person is more mentally tough, they are likely to embrace challenges head on, rather than viewing them as a hurdle,” he adds.
“While, of course, not all dimensions of narcissism are good, certain aspects can lead to positive outcomes. This work promotes diversity and inclusiveness of people and ideas by advocating that dark traits, such as narcissism, should not be seen as either good or bad, but as products of evolution and expressions of human nature that may be beneficial or harmful depending on the context.”
Kostas Papageorgiou
The researcher also argues that a more balanced view of narcissistic traits could also help researchers and mental health professionals provide better help to the people they work with.
“This move forward may help to reduce the marginalization of individuals that score higher than average on the dark traits. It could also facilitate the development of research-informed suggestions on how best to cultivate some manifestations of these traits, while discouraging others, for the collective good,” says Papageorgiou.